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Scientific research applications and

usage

This chapter focuses on the building of a big data application that is used within CERN,
where the complexity of large data loads and its automated analysis and insights
execution is the norm. This will include the discussion on data ingestion, large data
sets, streaming data sets, data computations, distributed data processing, replications,
stream versus batch analytics, analytic formulas, once versus repetitive executions of
algorithms, supervised and unsupervised learning, neural networks execution, and
applying visualizations and data storyboarding. The research community benefits of
the big data stack and applications, how to avoid risks and pitfalls, when to boil
theocean,and whereto avoid trapswill all be discussed in the last segment of this
chapter.
The name CERN is derived from the acronym for the French “Conseil Europe ´en pour
la Recherche Nucle ´aire,” or European Council for Nuclear Research, a provisional body
founded in 1952 with the mandate of establishing a world-class fundamental physics
research organization in Europe. At that time, pure physics research concentrated on
understanding the inside of the atom, hence the word “nuclear.”
In 1964, there were two physicists Francois Englert and Peter Higgs who published
¸
individual papers on particle physics and defined that there must exist a particle that is
smaller than an atom and even smaller than a proton and electron, which can be called
as “God particle”. To illustrate the name they called it a “boson” after Satyendranath
Bose another physicist who collaborated with Albert Einstein on several experiments.
Some of the pair’s work resulted in the invention of BoseeEinstein statistics, a way to
describe the behavior of a class of particles that now shares Bose’s name. Two bosons
with identical properties can be in the same place at the same time, but two fermions
cannot. This is why photons, which are bosons, can travel together in concentrated laser
beams. But electrons, which are fermions, must stay away from each other, which
explains why electrons must reside in separate orbits in atoms. The boson discovery
when done will open several new ways of understanding the universe which till date has
been understood around 4%.

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