Page 56 - Buried Pipe Design
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34 Chapter Two
Figure 2.18 Distribution of surface live loads versus loads on a
plane at depths of cover. Boussinesq solutions versus actual mea-
surement. (Reprinted, by permission, from Spangler and Handy,
Soil Engineering, 4th ed., Harper & Row, 1982.)
TABLE 2.5 Impact Factor F' versus Height of Cover
Installation surface condition
Taxiways,
aprons,
Height of hardstands,
cover, ft Highways Railways Runways run-up pads
0 to 1 1.50 1.75 1.00 1.50
1 to 2 1.35 * 1.00 †
2 to 3 1.15 * 1.00 †
Over 3 1.00 * 1.00 †
* Refer to data available from American Railway Engineering
Association (AREA). 3
† Refer to data available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
SOURCE: Reprinted from Uni-Bell Handbook 26 by permission.
