Page 39 - Caldera Volcanism Analysis, Modelling and Response

Magma production rate km 3 y 1 (vol/residence time) 2 10 5 –4 10 5 2 10 4 –5 10 5 2 10 4 –6 10 5 10 4 1 10 2 –2 10 3 10 3 –4 10 3 10 3 –4 10 3 (2004); Smith and (1990); Lowe and

(w/ [C03] Brown Froggatt
residence (w/oldest 13 ky to peak) (w/oldest 18 ky to peak) (w/oldest 18 ky to peak) mean=972ky, 50 ky ca. [B&F99] Volumes in dense rock equivalent. b this is taken as the difference [B&S04], [F&L90],

Magma time b 27 ky to Up up peak), (w/youngest 65 ky to Up up peak), (w/youngest 50 ky to Up up peak), youngest 100 ky ca. Bulk zircon 250 ky to Up 240 ky to Up (1999); (2005); al.

Oldest ages 119–340 Ma [B&S04] Fletcher and et Charlier [C05], (2001).

Zircon U--Pb (SIMS) age (rims)– 346721 ka 608720 ka [B&F99] (cores) peak 1.18–1.44 Ma, 1.3170.03 Ma [B&S04] ¼ Brown [B&F99], (2003); al. et Wilson [W01], (1993);

disequilibrium bulk-rock, or glass [C03] [C03] 6973–7676 ka, mean=7172ka sources: Data Charlier [C03], Wilson

U--Th minerals age 17375 ka 5778 ka [C03] w/=with. (2000); [W93], (1988);

Zircon U--Th disequilibrium age model (TIMS) peak 90 ka o27–ca. [C05] 54 ka at o27–ca. 180 ka peaks 95 ka and 27 at [C05] peaks 200 ka, 45–ca. 104 ka and 61 at [C05] U–Th–Pb). Charlier [C00], al. et Wilson

at peaks (e.g., 2005); al., [W88],
Zircon U--Th disequilibrium age model (SIMS) [C05] 40–52 ka [C05] 47–69 ka [C05] 63–76 ka (+34/ 26) ka– 70 W350 ka [C03] 60–90 ka to 50724 ka W350 ka, 90 ka, to 70 mean=83714 ka [C03] Note: If both 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and K–Ar ages are available only the former are given. 14 C a age determinations are calendar calibrated; Vol clocks radioacti
[C03]

40 Ar/ 39 Ar, K--Ar or 14 C a age (eruption) [N03] 27.3 ka [N03] 29 ka 45 ka ca. [CJNW] ca.62 ka inferred [C03] [C03] 6272 ka 320–340 ka [H95] 1.2170.04 Ma [H95] other of (cited Wilson Newnham

120.5 [H95] [H95] those and C.J.N. [N03],
(km 3 ) [F&L90] [F&L90] [F&L90] [C03] [C03], [F&L90] ages of data (1995);
(Continued ) Vol zone 0.5 Tip 3 3 10 flat caldera and volcano 100 caldera 300–1000 300–1000 eruption unpublished al. et

3 Rubbish Dome caldera? Earthquake volcano xenoliths Whakamaru group ignimbrites caldera the Houghton
Table T aupo volcanic Poihipi/ Okaia Tihoi Another Okataina Kapenga Rotoiti Rotoiti Whakamaru Mangakino Ongatiti between [CJNW], [H95],