Page 42 - Caldera Volcanism Analysis, Modelling and Response

Residence Times of Silicic Magmas Associated with Calderas 17

rate (vol/ Volumes in Hbl, al. et

Magma production km 3 y 1 residence time) 1.8 10 2 Vol, stratigraphy, plagioclase, Plag, Ninkovich [N78],

[G02] calculation, (2002);
from y isotope al.

Time di¡usion modeling o25 tuned oxygen calc., et Gardner

complex. time c 160 ca. [V&R04] U–Th–Pb). [G02],

caldera Magma residence to Up ky astronomically (e.g., clocks (1991);

silicic (Hbl ca. (Plag b Oxis, radioactive Rose and
Toba Oldest ages 1.5 Ma [G02]) 450 ka [G02]) date; other Chesner

the track of
of Fission those [C&R91],
rates (rims)– a F-T, and (2004).

process Allanite U-Th disequilibrium (SIMS) 6677 ka 236716 ka (cores) [V&R04] given. ages (1991); al. Reid

and age are former eruption the et Chesner and
times F--T a K--Ar, [C91]) (ash, [N78]) (Bt [G02]) [G02]) the between [C91], Vazquez

residence 40 Ar/ 39 Ar, age Oxis b (eruption) (San 7374 ka 6877 a ka [C91]) (San 7473 ka 75712 ka [N78]) [N78] (San 7577 ka (Bt 7876 ka only available difference sources: [V&R04],

data, or 75 b ka are the as Data (1987);

age and K–Ar ages taken biotite. Chesner
volumes, (km 3 ) Vol 2800 [R&C87] c this is Bt, sanidine, and Rose

Units, Tuff both 40 Ar/ 39 Ar equivalent. San, [R&C87],

4 T oba caldera complex Youngest Toba If rock hornblende,
Table Note: dense (1978);