Page 12 - Carrahers_Polymer_Chemistry,_Eighth_Edition

Contents

Polymer Nomenclature ................................................................................................................ xxiii
How to Study Polymers ...............................................................................................................xxxv

Chapter 1 Introduction to Polymers ..............................................................................................1

1.1 History of Polymers ...........................................................................................1
1.2 Why Polymers?..................................................................................................9
1.3 Today’s Marketplace........................................................................................12
1.4 Environmental Assessment .............................................................................15
1.5 Summary ......................................................................................................... 18
Glossary ...................................................................................................................... 18
Exercises .....................................................................................................................19
Additional Reading ....................................................................................................20
General Encyclopedias and Dictionaries .................................................................... 21

Chapter 2 Polymer Structure (Morphology) ...............................................................................23
2.1 Stereochemistry of Polymers ...........................................................................24
2.2 Molecular Interactions.....................................................................................30
2.3 Polymer Crystals .............................................................................................38
2.4 Amorphous Bulk State ....................................................................................42
2.5 Polymer Structure–Property Relationships .....................................................42
2.6 Cross-Linking..................................................................................................44
2.7 Crystalline and Amorphous Combinations .....................................................47
2.8 Summary .........................................................................................................49
Glossary ......................................................................................................................50
Exercises ..................................................................................................................... 51
Additional Reading ....................................................................................................52

Chapter 3 Molecular Weight of Polymers ...................................................................................55
3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................55
3.2 Solubility .........................................................................................................57
3.3 Average Molecular Weight Values .................................................................. 61
3.4 Fractionation of Polydisperse Systems ............................................................65
3.5 Chromatography..............................................................................................65
3.6 Colligative Molecular Weights ........................................................................69
3.6.1 Osmometry.........................................................................................69
3.6.2 End-Group Analysis...........................................................................71
3.6.3 Eublliometry and Cryometry .............................................................71
3.7 Light-Scattering Photometry...........................................................................71
3.8 Other Techniques.............................................................................................77
3.8.1 Ultracentrifugation.............................................................................77
3.8.2 Mass Spectrometry.............................................................................79

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