Page 17 - Carrahers_Polymer_Chemistry,_Eighth_Edition

xvi Contents

Chapter 12 Inorganic Polymers ..................................................................................................405
12.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................405
12.2 Portland Cement ............................................................................................405
12.3 Other Cements ...............................................................................................408
12.4 Silicates ..........................................................................................................408
12.4.1 Network ............................................................................................ 411
12.4.2 Layer ................................................................................................. 411
12.4.3 Chain ................................................................................................ 412
12.5 Silicon Dioxide (Amorphous) ........................................................................ 412
12.6 Kinds of Amorphous Glass ........................................................................... 415
12.7 Safety Glass ................................................................................................... 416
12.8 Lenses ............................................................................................................ 418
12.9 Sol-Gel ...........................................................................................................420
12.10 Aerogels ......................................................................................................... 421
12.11 Silicon Dioxide (Crystalline Forms)—Quartz Forms ...................................423
12.12 Silicon Dioxide in Electronic Chips ..............................................................424
12.13 Silicon Dioxide in Optical Fibers ..................................................................425
12.14 Asbestos .........................................................................................................426
12.15 Fly Ash and Aluminosilicates .......................................................................427
12.16 Polymeric Carbon—Diamond .......................................................................429
12.17 Polymeric Carbon—Graphite .......................................................................429
12.18 Internal Cyclization—Carbon Fibers and Related Materials........................ 431
12.19 Carbon Nanotubes ......................................................................................... 432
12.19.1 Structures ......................................................................................... 433
12.20 Bitumens ........................................................................................................ 438
12.21 Carbon Black ................................................................................................. 439
12.22 Polysulfur ......................................................................................................440
12.23 Ceramics ........................................................................................................441
12.24 High-Temperature Superconductors ..............................................................443
12.24.1 Discovery of the 123-Compound .....................................................443
12.24.2 Structure of the 123-Compound .......................................................443
12.25 Zeolites ..........................................................................................................443
12.26 Summary .......................................................................................................445
Glossary ....................................................................................................................446
Exercises ...................................................................................................................447
Additional Reading ..................................................................................................448

Chapter 13 Testing and Spectrometric Characterization of Polymers ........................................449
13.1 Spectronic Characterization of Polymers ......................................................450
13.1.1 Infrared Spectroscopy ......................................................................450
13.1.2 Raman Spectroscopy ........................................................................ 451
13.1.3 NMR Spectroscopy .......................................................................... 451
13.1.4 NMR Applications ........................................................................... 453
13.1.5 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ............................454
13.1.6 X-Ray Spectroscopy .........................................................................454
13.2 Surface Characterization ...............................................................................454
13.2.1 Auger Electron Spectroscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron
Spectroscopy .................................................................................... 455
13.2.2 Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy ........................................ 455

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