Page 13 - Carrahers_Polymer_Chemistry,_Eighth_Edition

xii Contents

3.9 Viscometry ......................................................................................................79
3.10 Summary .........................................................................................................86
Glossary ......................................................................................................................87
Exercises .....................................................................................................................89
Additional Reading ....................................................................................................90

Chapter 4 Polycondensation Polymers (Step-Reaction Polymerization) ....................................93
4.1 Comparison between Polymer Type and Kinetics of Polymerization .............93
4.2 Introduction .....................................................................................................98
4.3 Stepwise Kinetics ............................................................................................98
4.4 Polycondensation Mechanisms ...................................................................... 103
4.5 Polyesters ....................................................................................................... 105
4.6 Polycarbonates ............................................................................................... 110
4.7 Synthetic Polyamides .................................................................................... 114
4.8 Polyimides .....................................................................................................120
4.9 Polybenzimidazoles and Related Polymers ................................................... 121
4.10 Polyurethanes and Polyureas .........................................................................122
4.11 Polysulfi des ....................................................................................................125
4.12 Polyethers and Epoxys ...................................................................................126
4.13 Polysulfones ................................................................................................... 131
4.14 Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) and Polyketones ................................................... 131
4.15 Phenolic and Amino Plastics ......................................................................... 133
4.16 Furan Resins .................................................................................................. 135
4.17 Synthetic Routes ............................................................................................ 135
4.18 Liquid Crystals ..............................................................................................136
4.19 Microfi bers .................................................................................................... 140
4.20 General Stepwise Polymerization.................................................................. 141
4.21 Summary ....................................................................................................... 143
Glossary ....................................................................................................................144
Exercises ................................................................................................................... 146
Additional Reading .................................................................................................. 147

Chapter 5 Ionic Chain-Reaction and Complex Coordination Polymerization .......................... 149

5.1 Chain Growth Polymerization—General ......................................................150
5.2 Cationic Polymerization ................................................................................150
5.3 Anionic Polymerization .................................................................................156
5.4 Stereoregularity ............................................................................................. 161
5.5 Polymerization with Complex Coordination Catalysts ................................. 161
5.6 Soluble Stereoregulating Catalysis ................................................................ 163
5.7 Polyethylenes ................................................................................................. 166
5.8 Polypropylene ................................................................................................ 172
5.9 Polymers from 1,4-Dienes ............................................................................. 175
5.10 Polyisobutylene .............................................................................................. 178
5.11 Metathesis Reactions ..................................................................................... 179
5.12 Zwitterionic Polymerization .......................................................................... 179
5.13 Isomerization Polymerization ........................................................................ 180
5.14 Precipitation Polymerization ......................................................................... 180
5.15 Summary ....................................................................................................... 181

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