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434 Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry
Zigzag
(0, 0)
(n,0)
Chiral
h
C
Angle
30°
(n, m)
a 1
a 2
Armchair
(n, n)
FIGURE 12.10 Graphite sheet representation showing the θ or chiral angle. For a chiral angle of 0 , the
o
o
structure is a zigzag; for 30 it is an armchair; and in between it is helical. The figure is drawn with a 30 angle
o
between the zigzag and armchair.
(a)
(b)
(c)
FIGURE 12.11 Representations of the three major structural forms of carbon nanotubes: armchair (a), zig-
zag (b), and helical (c) and of C 60 (left, a), C 70 (left, b), and C 80 (left, c) fullerene structures.
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