Page 345 - Centrifugal Pumps 2E

310 Centrifugal Pumps: Design and Application

Figure 15-17. Vertical sump pump with tail pipe.
(Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Company)

alloys has been continuously increasing. This has been evident not only
in the chemical industry, but in other industries that use chemicals in their
processes. This demand has been met with various expensive alloys such
as titanium, alloy 20, zirconium, and many types of hastelloys. Although
these materials improved corrosion resistance, they caused other prob-
lems.

• Foundries experienced difficulties in castings.
• Existing patterns did not compensate for different shrinkage,
• Machinability was reduced.
• Delivery was longer due to foundry problems.
» The alloys were more expensive.