Page 9 - Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions

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AT029-Manual-v8.cls
AT029-Manual
June 19, 2007
16:4
AT029-FM
viii CONTENTS
3.1.1.3 Simulated Distillation by Gas
Chromatography 89
3.1.1.4 Equilibrium Flash Vaporization 91
3.1.1.5 Distillation at Reduced Pressures 92
3.1.2 Density, Specific Gravity, and API Gravity 93
3.1.3 Molecular Weight 93
3.1.4 Refractive Index 94
3.1.5 Compositional Analysis 95
3.1.5.1 Types of Composition 96
3.1.5.2 Analytical Instruments 96
3.1.5.3 PNA Analysis 98
3.1.5.4 Elemental Analysis 98
3.1.6 Viscosity 99
3.2 Prediction and Conversion of Distillation Data 100
3.2.1 Average Boiling Points 100
3.2.2 Interconversion of Various Distillation Data 101
3.2.2.1 Riazi–Daubert Method 102
3.2.2.2 Daubert’s Method 103
3.2.2.3 Interconverion of Distillation Curves
at Reduced Pressures 106
--`,```,`,``````,`,````,```,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
3.2.2.4 Summary Chart for Interconverion
of Various Distillation Curves 108
3.2.3 Prediction of Complete Distillation Curves 108
3.3 Prediction of Properties of Petroleum Fractions 111
3.3.1 Matrix of Pseudocomponents Table 111
3.3.2 Narrow Versus Wide Boiling Range
Fractions 112
3.3.3 Use of Bulk Parameters (Undefined
Mixtures) 114
3.3.4 Method of Pseudocomponent (Defined
Mixtures) 114
3.3.5 Estimation of Molecular Weight, Critical
Properties, and Acentric Factor 115
3.3.6 Estimation of Density, Specific Gravity,
Refractive Index, and Kinematic Viscosity 116
3.4 General Procedure for Properties of Mixtures 119
3.4.1 Liquid Mixtures 119
3.4.2 Gas Mixtures 120
3.5 Prediction of the Composition of Petroleum
Fractions 120
3.5.1 Prediction of PNA Composition 120
3.5.1.1 Characterization Parameters for
Molecular Type Analysis 121
3.5.1.2 API Riazi–Daubert Methods 124
3.5.1.3 API Method 126
3.5.1.4 n-d-M Method 126
3.5.2 Prediction of Elemental Composition 127
3.5.2.1 Prediction of Carbon and Hydrogen
Contents 127
3.5.2.2 Prediction of Sulfur and Nitrogen
Contents 129
3.6 Prediction of Other Properties 130
3.6.1 Properties Related to Volatility 131
3.6.1.1 Reid Vapor Pressure 131
3.6.1.2 V/L Ratio and Volatility Index 133
3.6.1.3 Flash Point 133

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