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10 7
e/d 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.0006 0.0002 0.0001 0.00001 0.000005 89 7
6
5 4
Pipe roughness 3 2
10 6
89
7
6
5
4
3
2
10 5 m roughness
9
8
7 relative
6
5 Reynolds number Re = udr
ru 2 2 4 and
L d Smooth pipes 3 2 number
Equation 5.3, ∆p f = 8f 9 8 7 10 4 Reynolds versus
4 6 5 friction
Pipe
3
zone
5.7.
Critical
2
Figure
10 3
9
8
7
6 5
Laminar flow 4 3
2
10 2
0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.0095 0.0090 0.0085 0.0080 0.0075 0.0070 0.0065 0.0060 0.0055 0.0050 0.0045 0.0040 0.0035 0.0030 0.00275 0.0025 0.00225 0.0020 0.00175 0.0015 0.00125 0.001 0.0009 0.0008 0.0007 0.0006 0.0005
f
