Page 10 - Chemical equilibria Volume 4

viii Chemical Equilibria
4.2.3. Influence of the pressure on the
reaction enthalpies ................................. 111
4.2.4. Determination of the reaction enthalpies by
calculation on the basis of other thermodynamic data ............ 112
4.2.5. Enthalpies of formation .......................... 114
4.2.6. Enthalpies of combustion ......................... 116
4.2.7. Dissociation energy, bond energy
and enthalpies of formation ............................ 119
4.3. Reaction entropies ................................ 126
4.3.1. Planck’s hypothesis – calculation
of the calorimetric entropies ........................... 126
4.3.2. Spectroscopic determination of
entropies – absolute entropies .......................... 128
4.3.3. The third law ................................ 128
4.4. Specific heat capacities ............................. 131
4.4.1. Calorimetric measurements of
the specific heat capacities ............................ 131
4.4.2. Spectral measurements of the
specific heat capacities .............................. 134
4.5. Experimental determination of the
equilibrium constants ................................. 134
4.6. Calculation of the equilibrium
constants on the basis of other thermodynamic data .............. 136
4.6.1. Calculation of the equilibrium
constants – method 1 ................................ 137
4.6.2. Calculation of the equilibrium
constants – method 2 ................................ 137
4.6.3. Calculation of the equilibrium
constants – method 3 ................................ 137
4.6.4. Calculation of the equilibrium
constants – method 4 ................................ 138
4.6.5. Calculation of the equilibrium
constants – method 5 ................................ 138
4.7. Determination of the equilibrium constants on
the basis of spectral data and statistical thermodynamics ........... 140
4.8. Thermodynamic tables and databanks .................... 140
4.9. Estimation of thermodynamic data ...................... 142
4.9.1. Method of evaluating the energies of
dissociation by spectroscopy ........................... 143
4.9.2. Group contribution methods ....................... 143
4.10. Thermodynamic calculations for complex systems ............ 146
4.10.1. Definition of the system ......................... 147
4.10.2. Output mode – graphical representation ................ 147