Page 9 - Chemical equilibria Volume 4

Contents vii
2.6.4. Conditions of bilateral stability expressed in
terms of chemical potentials ........................... 53
Chapter 3. Molecular Chemical Equilibria .................. 55
3.1. Law of mass action – equilibrium constants ................ 55
3.1.1. Expression of the law of mass action .................. 55
3.1.2. Different forms of the law of mass action ............... 57
3.1.3. Use of solution models and application
of the law of mass action ............................. 62
3.1.4. Systems composed of a set of equilibria ................ 63
3.1.5. Unit of the equilibrium constants .................... 64
3.1.6. Variations of the equilibrium
constants with temperature ............................ 64
3.1.7. Influence of the choice of reference
pressure on the equilibrium constant ...................... 66
3.1.8. Dissociative dissolution of a gas in a solid ............... 67
3.2. Graphical representations of equilibria – pole diagrams ......... 69
3.2.1. Principle of the pole diagram ....................... 69
3.2.2. Influence of a temperature change on
a pole diagram ................................... 70
3.2.3. Pole diagrams of two reactions in the same family .......... 72
3.3. Representation of the evolution of an
equilibrium with the temperature .......................... 73
3.3.1. Diagram in van ’t Hoff coordinates ................... 73
3.3.2. Ellingham diagrams ............................ 74
3.4. Binary diagrams for chemical equilibrium ................. 88
3.5. Ternary diagrams of chemical equilibria ................... 89
3.5.1. Mode of representation .......................... 90
3.5.2. Molar fractions at equilibrium and
initial composition ................................. 93
3.5.3. Iso-Q curves in perfect solutions ..................... 95
3.5.4. Iso-composition curves in perfect solutions .............. 98
3.6. Quaternary diagrams of chemical equilibria ................ 100

Chapter 4. Determination of the Values Associated
with Reactions – Equilibrium Calculations .................. 105

4.1. Reminders of a few thermodynamic relations ............... 105
4.2. Enthalpies of reaction – thermochemistry .................. 110
4.2.1. Experimental determination of the reaction
enthalpies by calorimetry ............................. 111
4.2.2. Calculation of the standard enthalpy
at another temperature ............................... 111