Page 7 - Chemical equilibria Volume 4

Contents

Preface .......................................... xi

Notations and Symbols ............................... xv

Chapter 1. Physico-Chemical
Transformations and Equilibria ......................... 1

1.1. Characteristic parameters of
physico-chemical transformations .......................... 1
1.1.1. Balance equation of a transformation .................. 1
1.1.2. Values associated with a transformation ................ 2
1.1.3. Standard values associated with a transformation ........... 3
1.1.4. Extent and rate of a transformation ................... 3
1.2. Entropy production during the course of a
transformation in a closed system ......................... 4
1.3. Affinity of a transformation .......................... 5
1.3.1. Definition .................................. 5
1.3.2. Affinity and characteristic functions ................... 6
1.3.3. Affinity and chemical potentials ..................... 7
1.3.4. Affinity, reaction quotient and activities ................ 8
1.3.5. Total differential of the affinity
in variables Y l, X m, ξ ................................ 9
1.3.6. Derivatives of the affinity in relation
to the extent and the chemical potentials .................... 11
1.4. De Donder’s inequality – direction of the
transformations and equilibrium conditions ................... 12
1.5. Heats of transformation ............................. 14
1.5.1. Heat of transformation at constant
pressure and temperature ............................. 15