Page 10 - Chemical process engineering design and economics

Preface

way chemical engineers describe a process and communicate. This chapter con-
tains some of the more common flow-diagram symbols. To reduce the complexity
of the flow diagram, this chapter divides a process into nine process operations.
There may be more than one process operation contained in a process unit (the
equipment). This chapter also describes the chemical-engineering tasks required
in a project.
Chapter 2, Production and Capital Cost Estimation, only contains the essen-
tials of chemical-engineering economics. Many students learn other aspects of
engineering economics in a separate course. Rather than placing this chapter later
in the book, it is placed here to show the student how equipment influences the
production cost. Chapter 2 describes cash flow and working capital in a corpora-
tion. This chapter also describes the components of the production cost and how
to calculate this cost. Finally, this chapter describes the components of capital cost
and outlines a procedure for calculating the cost. Most of the other chapters dis-
cuss equipment selection and sizing needed for capital cost estimation.
Chapter 3, Process-Circuit Analysis, first discusses the strategy of problem
solving. Next, the chapter summarizes the relationships for solving design prob-
lems. The approach to problem solving followed throughout most of the book is to
first list the appropriate design equations in a table for quick reference and check-
ing. The numbering system for equations appearing in the text is to show the chap-
ter number followed by the equation number. For example, Equation 5.7 means
Equation 7 in Chapter 5. For equations listed in tables, the numbering system is to
number the chapter, then the table and the equation. Thus, 3.8.12 would be Equa-
tion 12 in Table 8 and Chapter 3. Following this table another table outlines a cal-
culating procedure. Then, the problem-sizing method is applied to four single-
process units, and to a segment of a process consisting of several units.
Heat transfer is one of the more frequently-occurring process operations.
Chapter 4, Process Heat Transfer, discusses shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and
Chapter 7, Reactor Design, discusses jacket and coil heat exchangers. Chapter 4
describes how to select a heat-transfer fluid and a shell-and-tube heat-exchanger
design. This chapter also shows how to make an estimate of heat-exchanger area
and rate heat exchangers.
Transferring liquids and gases from one process unit to another is also a fre-
quently occurring process operation. Heat exchangers and pumps are the most
frequently used equipment in many processes. Chapter 5, Compressors, Pumps,
and Turbines, discusses the two general types of machines, positive displacement
and dynamic, for both liquids and gases. The discussion of pumps also could logi-
cally be included in Chapter 8, Design of Flow Systems. Instead, Chapter 5 in-
cludes pumps to emphasize the similarities in the design of pumps and compres-
sors. This chapter shows how to calculate the power required for compressors and
pumps. Chapter 5 also discusses electric motor and turbine drives for these ma-
chines.
Chapter 6, Separator Design, considers only the most common phase and
component separators. Because plates and column packings are contained in ves-

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