Page 10 - Civil Engineering Formulas

CONTENTS ix

Chapter 11. Highway and Road Formulas 275
Circular Curves / 275
Parabolic Curves / 277
Highway Curves and Driver Safety / 278
Highway Alignments / 279
Structural Numbers for Flexible Pavements / 281
Transition (Spiral) Curves / 284
Designing Highway Culverts / 285
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)
Design Procedure / 286

Chapter 12. Hydraulics and Waterworks Formulas 291

Capillary Action / 291
Viscosity / 291
Pressure on Submerged Curved Surfaces / 295
Fundamentals of Fluid Flow / 296
Similitude for Physical Models / 298
Fluid Flow in Pipes / 300
Pressure (Head) Changes Caused by Pipe
Size Change / 306
Flow through Orifices / 308
Fluid Jets / 310
Orifice Discharge into Diverging Conical Tubes / 311
Water Hammer / 312
Pipe Stresses Perpendicular
to the Longitudinal Axis / 312
Temperature Expansion of Pipe / 313
Forces due to Pipe Bends / 313
Culverts / 315
Open-Channel Flow / 318
Manning’s Equation for Open Channels / 320
Hydraulic Jump / 321
Nonuniform Flow in Open Channels / 323
Weirs / 329
Flow over Weirs / 330
Prediction of Sediment-Delivery Rate / 332
Evaporation and Transpiration / 332
Method for Determining Runoff for Minor
Hydraulic Structures / 333
Computing Rainfall Intensity / 333
Groundwater / 334
Water Flow for Fire Fighting / 335
Flow from Wells / 335
Economical Sizing of Distribution Piping / 336
Venturi Meter Flow Computation / 336
Hydroelectric Power Generation / 337
Pumps and Pumping Systems / 338
Hydraulic Turbines / 344
Dams / 348