Page 8 - Civil Engineering Formulas

CONTENTS vii

Chapter 6. Timber Engineering Formulas 157
Grading of Lumber / 157
Size of Lumber / 157
Bearing / 159
Beams / 159
Columns / 160
Combined Bending and Axial Load / 161
Compression at Angle to Grain / 161
Recommendations of the Forest Products Laboratory / 162
Compression on Oblique Plane / 163
Adjustment Factors for Design Values / 164
Fasteners for Wood / 169
Adjustment of Design Values for
Connections with Fasteners / 171
Roof Slope to Prevent Ponding / 172
Bending and Axial Tension / 173
Bending and Axial Compression / 173
Solid Rectangular or Square Columns with Flat Ends / 174

Chapter 7. Surveying Formulas 177
Units of Measurement / 177
Theory of Errors / 178
Measurement of Distance with Tapes / 179
Vertical Control / 182
Stadia Surveying / 183
Photogrammetry / 184

Chapter 8. Soil and Earthwork Formulas 185

Physical Properties of Soils / 185
Index Parameters for Soils / 186
Relationship of Weights and Volumes in Soils / 186
Internal Friction and Cohesion / 188
Vertical Pressures in Soils / 188
Lateral Pressures in Soils,
Forces on Retaining Walls / 189
Lateral Pressure of Cohesionless Soils / 190
Lateral Pressure of Cohesive Soils / 191
Water Pressure / 191
Lateral Pressure from Surcharge / 191
Stability of Slopes / 192
Bearing Capacity of Soils / 192
Settlement under Foundations / 193
Soil Compaction Tests / 193
Compaction Equipment / 195
Formulas for Earthmoving / 196
Scraper Production / 197
Vibration Control in Blasting / 198