Page 160 - Color Atlas of Biochemistry
P. 160

Carbohydrate Metabolism           151


                 A. Glycolysis: balance


                                     2  N  A                        2  N  A
                 HO   CH 2
                    H     O OH                                                       COO          COO
                      H
                      OH H                          Glycolysis                       C   O        C  O
                   HO       H                    ∆G  = –35 kJ · mol –1               CH 3         CH 3
                                                    OI
                      H   OH         2  A                           2  A
                                           P P                            PP P
                     Glucose                                                        Pyruvate    Pyruvate
                                        2  P

                 B. Reactions
                                         Glucose                Fructose                 Fructose
                   Glucose               6-phosphate            6-phosphate              1,6-bisphosphate
                HO   CH 2            P   O  CH 2        P  O   CH 2   OH        P   O  CH 2   OH
                                                                  O                        O
                   H     O OH             H     O OH
                     H                       H                  HHO                      HHO
                     OH H         1         OH H         2     H      CH OH      3     H      CH 2  O   P
                                                                         2
                  HO       H             HO       H
                                                                OH H                     OH H
                     H   OH                 H   OH

                             A       A                                       A        A
                                PPP     PP                                      PPP      PP
                                                                     2     2                  4
                                          2  A  PPP 2  A  PP       N  A  N   A



                O      O           O      O            O      O   P          O      H
                    C                 C                   C                     C                H C   OH
                                                                                                   2
                  HC   O   P    8    HC   OH       7     HC   OH        6      HC   OH      5      C   O
                 H C   OH           H C   O   P         H C   O   P           H C   O   P   P   O  CH 2
                                      2
                                                          2
                   2
                                                                                2
                                                                        2  P
                 2  2-Phospho-     2  3-Phospho-      2  1,3-Bisphospho-       Glyceraldehyde  Glycerone
                  glycerate          glycerate         glycerate               3-phosphate     3-phosphate
                    9
                          2 H O                                  C. Energy profile
                             2
                                                                 0
                O      O                     O      O
                    C                           C                           A  PPP  Steps 1, 3 and 10
                                                                                    are bypassed in
                    C  O   P         10         C   O                               gluconeogenesis
                                                                       1
                    CH 2                        CH 3            -20         A
                                                                              PP
                2  Phospho-                     2  Pyruvate
                  enolpyruvate  A       A                                    2
                            2    PP   2    PPP
                                                                                     A     A
                                                                                       PP     PPP
                                                                -40  A
                                            Glyceraldehyde-             PPP
                 1  Hexokinase 2.7.1.1   6  3-      dehydro-
                                              P
                    Glucose 6-phosphate     genase 1.2.1.12                   3
                 2                                                                5            8  9
                    Isomerase 5.3.1.9       Phosphoglycerate         A
                                         7                              PP
                    6-Phosphofructo-        kinase 2.7.2.3
                 3                                              -60
                    kinase 2.7.1.11         Phosphoglycerate
                                         8                                   4       6   7   A  PP
                    Fructose bisphosphate   mutase 5.4.2.1
                 4                                                                                  10
                    aldolase 4.1.2.13       Phosphopyruvate
                                         9                                                  A
                    Triose-phosphate        hydratase 4.2.1.11                                 PPP
                 5
                    isomerase 5.3.1.1       Pyruvate kinase     -80
                                        10                         '      -1                     Pyruvate
                                            2.7.1.40            ∆G (kJ · mol )
           Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme
           All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.
   155   156   157   158   159   160   161   162   163   164   165