Page 258 - Color Atlas of Biochemistry

Genetic code 249

A. The genetic code

1. 2. Normal globin Sickle-cell globin
Gly Phe Leu gene (β-chain) gene (β-chain)
Glu Ser
Asp T C A G T C A G 5' CCT G A G G A G 5' C C T G T GGA G
G T
A C A Tyr 3' GGA C T C C T C 3' GGA C A C C T C
C G
Ala T G T T
G
A A C C Stop
C A Transcription Transcription
T C A G Cys
G T C
Val A G T A Stop mRNA
C T G 5' C C U G A G G A G 5' C C U G U GGA G
T G Trp CU C CA C
G T Glu- Val-
Arg G T
A AC C Leu tRNA tRNA
C A
Ser T A C G Glu Val
G T
A C
Lys C C A A
T T G G Pro
Asn G A C T Translation Translation
C T G A
G A A C T His
Thr C T G
Gln
Met Ile Arg Pro Glu Glu Pro Val Glu
C A T = His Mutation
Start
Example
B. Amino acid activation C. Asp-tRNA-Ligase (Dimer)
Amino acid P

Anticodon recognition domain
H N O P
3
5'
R C C O P O CH 2 Ade tRNA Asp
O
H ATP
H H
3' 2'
1 H H
P P
HO OH
Aminoacyl adenylate

H N O
3
5'
R C C P O CH 2 Ade
O
H 1' ATP ATP
HO OH H 3' 2' H
H H
H
3' 2'
4' H H 1' HO OH
O 2 Active
P O CH 2 Ade AMP center
5' Active
O OH center
tRNA H N O
3
H H
3' 2'
4' H H 1' R C C O OH
O H H Protein
Cyt 3' 2'
4' H H 1'
O
Amino acid- P O CH 2 Ade
tRNA ligase O OH 5'
6.1.1.n Amino
H H acyl tRNA Asp
3' 2'
4' H H 1' tRNA
O
Cyt

Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme
All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license.