Page 48 - Color Atlas of Biochemistry

Carbohydrates 39

A. Important monosaccharides

1 Aldoses 2 Ketoses

D-Ribose (Rib) D-Xylose (Xyl) L-Arabinose (Ara) D-Ribulose (Rub)
CH OH
HO CH 2 HO CH 2 H 2 H
O O O C O O OH
H H OH OH H OH OH H OH H H
H C OH CH 2 OH
H H HOH 2 C H
H C OH
OH OH H OH H OH OH OH
Pentoses CH OH
2
D-Glucose (Glc) D-Mannose (Man) D-Galactose (Gal) D-Fructose (Fru)
CH OH
2
HOCH 2 HOCH 2 HOCH 2
C O
H O H O HO O
H H H HO C H
OH H OH OHHO OH OH H OH HOCH 2 O OH
H C OH
HO HO H HHO
H OH H H H OH H C OH H CH 2 OH
Hexoses CH OH OH H
2
3 Deoxyaldoses 4 Acetylated amino sugars
2-Deoxy- L-Fucose (Fuc) N-Acetyl-D-glucos- N -Acetyl-D-galac-
D-ribose (dRib) amine (GlcNAc) tosamine (GalNAc)
HO CH 2 H HOCH 2 HOCH 2
O H H O HO O
H H OH 6 O H H
CH 3
H 2 H HO OH OH H OH OH H OH
HO HO 2 H 2
OH H
OH H H HN C CH 3 H HN C CH 3
O O

5 Acidic monosaccharides N-Acetylneuraminic acid 6 Sugar alcohols (alditoles)
(NeuAc)
D-Glucuronic acid L-Iduronic acid 9CH OH D-Sorbitol D-Mannitol
2
(GlcUA) (IduUA)
HO C H CH OH CH OH
2
2
6 COO H H
HO C H H C OH HO C H
H O H O H 2 O 7
H COO COO HO C H HO C H
OH H OH OH H OH 3 OH H 6
5 H C OH H C OH
HO HO H 4 H
H C OH H C OH
H OH H OH H HN C CH 3
CH 2 OH CH 2 OH
O
B. Disaccharides

CH OH CH OH CH OH CH OH CH OH
2
2
2
2
2
2
H O H H O HO O β H O H O H CH OH H
H H H H H O
OH H 1 4 OH H OH OH H 1 O 4 OH H OH OH H 1 2 HHO
HO α O H H HO α O β CH 2 OH
H OH H OH H OH H OH H OH OH H
1. Maltose 2. Lactose 3. Sucrose
α-D-Glucopyranosyl- β-D-Galactopyranosyl- α-D-Glucopyranosyl-
(1 4)-D-glucopyranose (1 4)-D-glucopyranose (1 2)-β-D-fructofuranoside

Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme
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