Page 44 - Color Atlas of Biochemistry

Carbohydrates 35

A. Carbohydrates: overview

Other monosaccharides
Transporter Glycogenin
CH OH
2
H O OH
H
OH H Glucose
HO H
Mono-
H OH saccharide Gluconeo-
Glycolysis
genesis

Pyruvate
Amino
acids
Glycoproteins ATP
CO +H O
2
2
Glycogen
Glycolipids

Peptidoglycan
(Murein) Proteoglycans

Periplasm

Bacterium

B. Monosaccharides: structure
HO CH 2
Open-chained H 6 OH O 4
form (< 0.1%) 5
H O H
C 4 OH H C H 1
1 1
HO 3 2
H C OH
2
H OH
HO 3 C H 4 C -conformation
1
H C OH
4 Hemiacetal formation
H C OH CH OH
2
5 HO CH 2
6 CH OH HO C H OH 1
2
O H O OH
H
Open-chained OH H H OH H 4
form of glucose H HO H
H OH H OH
Chiral D-Gluco- D-Gluco- 1 C -conformation
4
center furanose (<1%) pyranose (99%)
1. Fischer projection 2. Ring forms (Haworth projection) 3. Conformations

Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme
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