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196 Communication Theory & Research

SOCIETY

Owners and
controllers

Clients
Editors/
managers

Professional Ideology,
standards belief system

COMMUNICATORS

Public opinion Audience

strong accountability
weak or variable accountability

FIGURE 15.2 INTRA-MEDIA ACCOUNTABILITY RELATIONS (FROM MCQUAIL, 1994)

Professional Identity
5. Protection of the integrity of journalists:
IX. General rights and prohibitions;
X. Protection from public powers;
XI. Protection from employers and advertisers.
6. Protection of the unity of the profession:
XII. Protection of the status of journalism;
XIII. Protection of the solidarity within the profession.

Under these 13 categories, 61 specific principles of journalistic ethics were identified.

The most common functions

The comparison was based on identifying the presence or absence of the 61 principles
in each of the 31 codes. When calculating this it turns out that the most common