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Journalistic Codes of Ethics in Europe 199

TABLE 15.2 COVERAGE OF THE 13 CATEGORIES IN THE NATIONAL CODES

Code by I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII Total
1. Austria X − X X X X − − X − − X − 7
2. Belgium X X X X − X − − X X X − − 8
3. Bulgaria X X X X X X − X X − X X X 11
4. Catalonia X X X X X X − X X X X X − 11
5. Croatia X − X X X X X X X X X X X 12
6. Czech Republic X X X X X X X X X X − X X 12
7. Denmark X X X X X X − − X − X − − 8
8. Finland X X X X X X − X X X X − X 11
9. France X X − X X X − X X X − X X 10
10. Germany X X X X X X X X X − X X − 11
11. Greece X − X X − X X X X X − X − 9
12. Hungary X − X X X X X X X X X X X 11
13. Iceland X X − X X X − X X X X X X 11
14. Ireland X X X X X X − X X X X X − 11
15. Italy X X X X X X X X X X X X X 13
16. Latvia X X X X X X X − X X X − X 11
17. Luxembourg X X X − X X − − X − X − − 8
18. Malta X X X X X X − X X X X X X 12
19. Netherlands X X X X X X X X X X − X X 12
20. Norway X X X X X X − X X X X X − 11
21. Poland X X X X X X − − X − X X − 9
22. Portugal X X X X X X − X X − X − X 10
23. Russia X X − X X X X X X X X X X 12
24. Slovak Republic X X X X X X X X X X X X X 13
25. Slovenia X X X X X X X X X X X X X 13
26. Spain X X X X X X − X X X X X X 12
27. Sweden X X X X X X X X X − X − X 11
28. Switzerland X X X − X X − X X X X X X 11
29. Turkey X X X X X X − X X − X X − 9
30. UK I X X X X X X − X X X X X − 11
31. UK II X X − X X X − X X X − X − 9

Total 31 27 26 29 29 31 12 25 31 22 25 24 18

I. Truthfulness of information. IX. Rights and prohibitions protecting journalists’
II. Clarity of information. integrity.
III. Defence of public’s rights. X. Protection from public powers.
IV. Responsibilities as creators of public opinion. XI. Protection from employers and advertisers.
V. Gathering and presenting information. XII. Protection of the status and unity of
VI. Integrity of the source. journalism.
VII. Respect for the state institutions. XIII. Protection of the solidarity within the
VIII. Loyalty to the employer. profession.

10. Professional secrecy (VI) 74 (23)
11. Prohibition to misuse journalistic position in order to acquire
personal benefit (VIII) 68 (21)
12. Coverage of the headlines in the text (I) 65 (20)
13. Separation of facts and opinions/assumptions (II) 65 (20)
14. Prohibition of selection and misrepresentation (II) 65 (20)
15. Respect of copyright and laws of citation (V) 65 (20)