Page 230 - Communication Theory and Research
P. 230

McQuail(EJC)-3281-16.qxd  8/16/2005  12:01 PM  Page 215




                  ‘Infosuasion’ in European Newspapers: A Case Study on the War in Kosovo  215

                  this case it is possible to find contrary opinions, which believe that intervention is
                  avoidable (4.5 percent).
                    It is important to underline that the group is characterized by being in
                  favour of intervention. It is considered legitimate even without UN author-
                  ization (weight of the modality, 15.37 percent), necessary, unavoidable and
                  indispensable in order to guarantee international security, which is being
                  threatened by the Balkans crisis (13.85 percent), and because Serbia has not
                  accepted the conditions of Rambouillet (7.9 percent). Furthermore, it is deemed
                  necessary to stop armed aggression on those who cannot defend themselves
                  (5.9 percent).
                    Intervention is considered as likely to succeed due to the superiority of
                  NATO’s military equipment (3.69 percent). Where, on the contrary, intervention
                  is considered as not indispensable, unnecessary or avoidable, it is because the
                  Serbs are the victims of Albanian separatists (the Democratic League of Kosovo,
                  or LCK, and the Kosovo Liberation Army, or KLA) and other ethnic groups
                  (5.65 percent).
                    The data show that international organizations (17.73 percent), armed forces
                  (16.65 percent) – Spanish forces in particular (2.76 percent) or from other NATO
                  countries (2.84 percent) – civilians (15.68 percent) and representatives or politicians
                  from NATO countries (2.70 percent) appear most frequently in the headlines.
                  The language used is generally assertive (5.45 percent) and full-page headline
                  weight is 3.56 percent on the identification of the group.




                  Il Corriere della Sera

                  This Italian daily distinguishes itself from all the other newspapers examined in
                  several specific ways. From a statistical point of view it constitutes a group unto
                  itself.
                    The newspaper distinguishes itself because it does not resemble the others
                  either in terms of narrative structure, persuasive techniques or figures of speech.
                  Unlike the other papers, it dedicates little space to opinions for or against inter-
                  vention in Kosovo.
                    Where the issue is discussed, arguments against intervention have a higher
                  modality weight than arguments for. Many of those expressing an opinion are
                  afraid that the action is being inflicted on an unarmed population and feel that
                  the blame lies equally with both sides and that the people from Kosovo are not
                  being threatened. For the majority of the authors of these articles the bombings
                  are neither legitimate nor effective. The opinions of various different journalists
                  tend to even out. The articles are not in general characterized by the figures of
                  hero or anti-hero as they are in the Spanish press.
                    In the headlines the UN, the Organisation for Security and Co-Operation in
                  Europe, the refugees, the armed forces, the politicians and the Serbian civilians
                  are mentioned most often.
                    The Italian newspaper reappears in another group together with The Guardian.
   225   226   227   228   229   230   231   232   233   234   235