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CONTENTS

List of Tables and Figures ix
Preface x
Acknowledgements xv

1 Introduction – A Second Media Age? 1

Communication in cybercultures 3
The overstatement of linguistic perspectives on media 4
The first and second media age – the historical distinction 7
Broadcast mediums and network mediums – problems
with the historical typology 11
Interaction versus integration 15

2 Theories of Broadcast Media 20
The media as an extended form of the social – the rise
of ‘mass media’ 21
Mass media as a culture industry – from critical theory to
cultural studies 23
The media as an apparatus of ideology 25
Ideology as a structure of broadcast – Althusser 29
The society of the spectacle – Debord, Boorstin and Foucault 31
Mass media as the dominant form of access to social
reality – Baudrillard 36
The medium is the message – McLuhan, Innis and Meyrowitz 38

3 Theories of Cybersociety 44
Cyberspace 44
Theories 50
Social implications 72

4 The Interrelation between Broadcast and
Network Communication 83
The first and second media age as mutually constitutive 83
Broadcast and network interactivity as forms of
communicative solidarity 86