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NOTES
Chapter 1
1. M.Green, “Cultural studies!”, said the magistrate, News From Nowhere, 8,
1990, p. 30.
2. A.Easthope, British post-structuralism since 1968 (London, Routledge, 1988),
p. 74.
3. L.Grossberg et al., It’s a sin: essays on postmodernism, politics and culture (Sydney,
Power Publications, 1988), p. 8.
4. G.Turner, British cultural studies: An introduction (London, Unwin Hyman,
1990), p. 76.
5. S.Hall, Cultural studies: two paradigms, Media, Culture and Society, 2, 1, 1980;
R. Johnson, Histories of culture/theories of ideology: notes on an impasse, in
Ideology and cultural production, eds. M.Barrett et al. (London, Croom Helm,
1979).
6. Hall, Cultural studies: two paradigms, pp. 62–3.
7. Ibid., pp. 67–9.
8. S.Hall, Cultural studies and the Centre: some problematics and problems, in
Culture, media, language, eds. S.Hall et al. (London, Hutchinson/Centre for
Contemporary Cultural Studies, 1980), p. 19.
9. F.R.Leavis & D.Thompson, Culture and environment (London, Chatto & Windus,
1960), p. 87.
10. K.Marx, Early writings (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1975), p. 425.
11. M.Weber, From Max Weber: essays in sociology, eds. H.H.Gerth & C.W.Mills
(London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1948), pp. 180–95.
12. As Lévi-Strauss reminds us, “primitive” knowledge can indeed be understood as
a kind of science, cf. C.Lévi-Strauss, The savage mind (Chicago, University of
Chicago Press, 1966), pp. 13–16.
13. L.Febvre & H.-J.Martin, The coming of the book: the impact of printing 1450–
1800, tr. D. Gerard, eds. G.Nowell-Smith & D.Wootton (London, New Left
Books, 1976), p. 249.
14. W.Benjamin, The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction, in
Illuminations, tr. H.Zohn (Glasgow, Fontana, 1973).
15. R.Williams, Culture (Glasgow, Fontana, 1981), pp. 36–8.
16. R.Escarpit, The sociology of literature, tr. E.Pick (London, Cass, 1971), p. 38.
17. Williams, Culture, pp. 38–44.
18. P.Burger, Theory of the avant-garde, tr. M.Shaw (Minneapolis, University of
Minnesota Press, 1984), p. 47.
19. This is not to suggest that cultural theory is not itself political, only that the
politics of contemporary cultural theory are neither reducible to nor the effect of
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