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Tunable stiffness using negative Poisson's ratio  339


                                             Star, PVA

                                 Base case  3 mm elongation  6 mm elongation
                     8
                     7
                     6
                    Load (N)  5 4 3



                     2
                     1
                     0
                       0        2        4        6        8        10
                                           Vertical deflection (mm)
                                            Star, TPU

                                 Base case  3 mm elongation  6 mm elongation
                    10
                    8
                    6
                   Load (N)  4


                    2
                    0
                      0         2        4         6        8        10
                    –2
                                            Vertical deflection (mm)
                                           Star, Pythonflex

                                 Base case  3 mm elongation  6 mm elongation
                    10
                     9
                     8
                     7
                     6
                    Load (N)  5 4
                     3
                     2
                     1
                     0
                    –1  0       2         4        6         8        10
                                            Vertical deflection (mm)
              Fig. 19 Test results for Star structures.
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