Page 256 - Cosmetology

Salvia officinalis. See sage extract.

Sambucus canadensis. See elderberry.

Sambucus cerulea. Blue elderberry. May have antioxidant properties for skin.

Sambucus nigra. See black elderberry.

sandalwood oil. Fragrant oil that can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions.

Sang zhi. Derived from twigs of the mulberry tree. It has some effectiveness for reducing skin swelling.

sanguinaria. See bloodroot.

Sanguisorba officinalis. Latin name for salad burnet. There is a small amount of research showing it to
have antioxidant properties for skin.

Santalum album. See sandalwood oil.

Santalum album seed extract. Is the Latin name for sandalwood extract and is used in cosmetics as a
fragrance. It can have antioxidant properties and there is research showing it minimizes herpes breakouts. It
also can be a skin irritant or sensitizer.

Sapindus mukurossi extract. Derived from a plant indigenous to India, and known for its detergent
cleansing properties. See saponin.

Saponaria officinalis extract. See soapwort.

saponin. Group of natural carbohydrates found in plants that have considerable potential as pharmaceutical
and/or nutraceutical agents in natural or synthetic form. Saponins, from a variety of sources, have been
shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Sargassum filipendula extract. See algae.

saturated fat. Type of fat usually of animal origin. Chemically, when fatty acid chains can’t accommodate
any more hydrogen atoms, they are considered saturated, as in saturated fatty acids. These are used as
emollient in skin-care products.

Saussurea lappa. See costus root.

sausurrea oil. Costus oil. Volatile oil and fragrant component used in cosmetics; it can be a skin irritant. It is
known to cause contact dermatitis.

saw palmetto. Plant extract that, when taken orally, has been shown in short-term trials to be efficacious in
reducing the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. It may have an anti-inflammatory effect on skin, but
there is little research supporting this. Saw palmetto’s reputation is primarily based on the fact that it can
reduce the presence of the male hormone dihydrotestosterone, and so it could theoretically reduce hair loss,
but this effect has not been proven. There is some anecdotal information that it can also have estrogenic
effects; but not only is that unlikely, it is highly improbable that it could have such effects when applied
topically.

Saxifraga sarmentosa extract. See strawberry begonia.

sclareolide. Fermented from clary sage and used as a fragrant component in cosmetics.

sclerotium gum. Used as a thickening agent in cosmetics.

scullcap extract. Herbal extract from Scutellaria baicalensis that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties for skin.

Scutellaria baicalensis extract. See scullcap extract.