Page 61 - Cultural Studies and Political Economy

50 Chapter One

55. Arthur Lower, “Harold Innis As I Remember Him,” Journal of Canadian Stud-
ies 20, no. 4 (1986): 4.
56. Donald Creighton, Harold Adams Innis: Portrait of a Scholar (Toronto: Uni-
versity of Toronto Press, 1957), 63.
57. Jay, The Dialectical Imagination, 37. In defense of this, see Theodor W.
Adorno, “Resignation” (1978; reprint, The Culture Industry, ed. J. M. Bernstein, Lon-
don: Routledge, 1991): 171–75.
58. Jay, The Dialectical Imagination, 22.
59. Jay, The Dialectical Imagination, 23.
60. Jay, The Dialectical Imagination, 35.
61. Robert E. Babe, Canadian Communication Thought: Ten Foundational Writers
(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000), 55.
62. Thorstein Veblen, “The Intellectual Pre-eminence of Jews in Modern Europe”
(1919; reprint, The Portable Veblen, ed. Max Lerner, New York: Viking Press, 1950),
474–75.
63. Smythe was joined at Illinois by George Gerbner in 1956 and later, albeit
briefly (due to Smythe’s imminent departure), by Herbert Schiller, and an American
tradition in critical political economy of media was born.
64. Smythe’s publications are listed in John A. Lent, A Different Road Taken: Pro-
files In Critical Communication (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995), 269–79. Some
of the early content analyses are excerpted in Dallas Smythe, Counterclockwise: Per-
spectives on Communication, ed. Thomas Guback (Boulder, CO: Westview Press,
1994).
65. As noted by Robin Mansell, earlier use of the term, “consciousness industry,”
was by H. M. Enzensberger in an article in 1970 and in his book, The Consciousness In-
dustry (New York: Seabury, 1974), and by Stuart Ewen in his Captains of Conscious-
ness (New York: McGraw Hill, 1976). Smythe himself was insistent on distinguishing
“consciousness industry” from Adorno’s “culture industry.” According to Smythe,
Adorno was not suitably “materialist,” as in Smythe’s view Adorno did not recognize
that the commodity produced by the culture industry is audience. However, granted dis-
tinctions may be made, there is surely much commonality between the two theorists in
this matter of culture industry and consciousness industry. See Dallas W. Smythe,
“Communications: Blindspot of Western Marxism” (1977; excerpted in Counterclock-
wise: Perspectives on Communication, ed. Thomas Guback, Boulder, CO: Westview
Press, 1994), 268; and Robin Mansell, “Introduction to Part II: Communication History
and Policy” in Robert E. Babe, Media, Structures and Power: The Robert E. Babe Col-
lection, ed. Edward Comor (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009).
66. Cf., J. M. Bernstein, “Introduction,” 3.
67. David Held, Introduction to Critical Theory: Horkheimer to Habermas (Cam-
bridge: Polity Press, 1980), 78.
68. Simon Jarvis notes that Adorno “illuminated an extraordinary range of subjects
in his lifetime—from dialectical logic to newspaper astrology columns, from the au-
thoritarian personality to sonata form, from the syntax of poetry to the Hollywood stu-
dio system.” Nonetheless, Jarvis adds, Adorno addressed certain key questions