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            historical phase in the Centre.  This  article therefore forms a second,
            ‘introductory’ piece to the volume.
              In each section we have retained the different problematics which underpinned
            our work in these areas at different stages. There has been no attempt to update
            them in the search for a definitive or ‘correct’ position. We wanted to stress the
            necessarily open, provisional nature of work in a novel and emergent area like
            Cultural Studies. We also wished to underscore the diversity of approaches, the
            sense of developing from position to position, which has characterized our
            approach throughout. We have tried, at each stage, to be as rigorous as we could
            be, within our limits, but we have not presumed to offer a final truth in any of
            these fields. Orthodoxy here is, in our view, the enemy of a truly ‘open’ science.
            A  larger issue is  signalled  here. Intellectual  and academic advances in areas
            cognate to our own have sometimes been marked in recent years by an acute
            sectarianism, sustained by what has often  seemed  a false  search for scientific
            correctness. Though we have learned a great deal from, and been instructed by,
            these  advances, we have tried to develop them  within  a  different intellectual
            practice.
              We have, accordingly, consciously adopted the strategy of allowing our stops
            and starts, our moments of progress, marking  time and  retreats,  our shifts of
            direction and ‘new beginnings’ to show through as they actually occurred at the
            time. Readers must  not,  therefore, expect to find  here a consistent  theoretical
            position, unfolding from the beginning to its appointed conclusion: nor even a
            unified set of findings. This is definitively not the reader in Cultural Studies in
            general—which is a larger, more ambitious task, remaining to be undertaken. We
            hope, of course, when such a text (or texts) come to be prepared, that the work of
            clarification to which the papers in this volume bear witness will be found helpful
            and instructive. On a  less ambitious plane,  we hope those now working  in
            Cultural Studies will find here something instructive, both substantively in the
            areas  covered  and, more  generally, in terms  of the necessary perils  and  costs
            which attend an intellectual project and intervention of this order. When such a
            definitive work comes to be written, we feel certain that it will draw fruitfully on
            wider experiences than we can recapitulate here and will require the mobilization
            of intellectual strengths and resources well beyond the  capacity  of the
            Birmingham Centre. We know it will reflect pertinent differences and variations
            rather than that spurious unity with which Cultural Studies has sometimes been
            charged.
              The volume as a whole was edited, on behalf of the Centre, by an Editorial
            Group consisting  of Steve Baron,  Michael  Denning, Stuart Hall, Dorothy
            Hobson, Andy Lowe and Paul Willis. The Ethnography section was edited by
            Dorothy Hobson and Paul Willis; the Media section by Stuart Hall; the Language
            section by Andy Lowe; and the English Studies section by Michael Denning.
            Steve Baron and Andy Lowe were responsible for the editorial work on Richard
            Johnson’s article. An outline for the Introduction was provided by Stuart Hall
            and Andrew Lowe and extensively discussed by the Editorial Group. The main
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