Page 283 - Culture Media Language Working Papers in Cultural Studies

272 NOTES TO PAGES 15–16

12 Richard Hoggart, The Uses of Literacy (Penguin 1958); Raymond Williams,
Culture and Society and The Long Revolution (Penguin 1961 and 1965 respectively);
E.P.Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (Penguin 1968).
Thompson’s seminal critique of Williams first appeared in New Left Review, nos. 9
and 10, and has been a formative text for the Centre.
13 ‘Time, work discipline and industrial capitalism’, Past and Present, no. 97
(December 1967).
14 See an early Centre Occasional Paper by Richard Hoggart, ‘Contemporary cultural
studies’. But The Uses of Literacy is the locus classicus of this method in practice.
15 See, inter alia, F.R.Leavis and Denys Thompson, Culture and Environment (Chatto
and Windus 1933); the Leavis essays collected in The Common Pursuit (Chatto and
Windus 1952); Education and the University (Chatto and Windus 1943), and, of
course, the pages of Scrutiny, passim. Q.D.Leavis’s Fiction and the Reading Public
is also a seminal text in this respect (Chatto and Windus 1932).
16 The ever-regressing ‘organic society’ is definitively dismantled by Williams in The
Country and the City (Chatto and Windus 1973).
17 Leavis’s concern with language has parallels in Ezra Pound’s early work: similar
themes appear in other work which, in certain ways, differs radically—for
example, that of Karl Kraus and Walter Benjamin. In the wake of structural
linguistics ‘language’ has become the paradigm for culture in a quite different
sense: see below, the section on ‘The Structuralisms’.
18 Included in Leavis, Education and The University.
19 See the Introduction to Culture and Society, where the interaction between these
key terms is discussed. See also Keywords (Fontana 1976).
20 Part I of The Long Revolution is the most important section from this viewpoint.
21 Williams discussed the weaknesses of English Marxism in the 1930s in the
‘Leavis’ chapter in Culture and Society.
22 Thompson comments on the political context of Williams’s work of this period in
his New Left Review critique. It is more fully illuminated in Politics and Letters
(New Left Books 1979).
23 For a recent critique of the concept of ‘community’, see Dan Finn and Eve Brook,
‘Critique of community studies’, Stencilled Paper no. 44, CCCS, Birmingham.
24 The synthesizing texts here were Talcott Parsons, The Structure of Social Action
(Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press 1949), and The Social System (Glencoe, Ill.: The Free
Press 1951). The most influential middle-range sociological theorists were Merton
(see Social Theory and Social Structure, Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press 1963) and
Lazarsfeld, passim.
25 Shils, a collaborator of Talcott Parsons, has written extensively on this theme: see,
inter alia, his essay in Jacobs (ed.), Culture for the Millions (New York: Van
Nostrand 1961).
26 One of the few exceptions is an essay on ideology in Merton, Social Theory and
Social Structure. The opening was never followed through. This absence is
discussed by Stuart Hall in ‘The sociology of knowledge: hinterland of science’, in
On Ideology (CCCS/Hutchinson 1978).
27 Perry Anderson, ‘Components of a national culture’, a brilliant and insightful essay,
in R.Blackburn and A.Cockburn (eds.), Student Power (Penguin 1969).
28 Hoggart’s Inaugural Lecture is reprinted in Speaking to Each Other (Chatto and
Windus 1970).