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Table 2
Independent Variables
Independent Expect
Variables Measures Year Description N r
Economy
Per Capita GDP GDP_CAP 1994 Per capita Gross Domestic Product; 153
Source: ITU World Telecommunication
Indicators (WTI) Database (1997)
Trade TRADE 1994 Trade as a percent of GDP; 147
Source: World Bank (1997)
Research Net DEFENSE 1992 Defense Expenditure as % of GDP; 75
Source: World Bank (1997)
Access to Mass Media NWSPAPR 1992 Daily Newspapers per 1,000; 154
Source: World Bank (1997)
Education SCHLNROL 1990 School Enrollment, tertiary (% of gross) 110
Source: World Bank
EDUCBUD 1990 Public Spending on Education, tertiary (% of GDP) 75
Source: World Bank (1997)
Personal Computers PCPTHO95 1995 PCs per thousand; 87
Source: ITU WTI Database (1997)
Infrastructure
Teledensity TELEDEN 1994 Mainlines per 1000; 200
Source: ITU WTI Database (1997)
Cost of Access CLCOST94 1994 Cost of a 3-minute local call; 128
Source ITU WTI Database (1997)
LESDPC94 1994 Leased lines per capita; 99
Source: ITU WTI Database (1997)
COMPET 1997 Market structure: monopoly or competition; 84
Source: Mody, Maitland et al. (1997)