Page 357 - Culture Technology Communication

340 Index

femininity vs. masculinity (Hofst- freedom of the individual, American
ede), 91, 162, 236n. 5; Japan, presumption of connection with
highly differentiated gender roles CMC, 18; as Western value, viii.
(“masculine”), North America, See also individualism
medium degree of gender role dis- freedom, women’s (Kuwait), 203
tinction, Scandinavia, low gender French, attitudes towards media
role distinction (“feminine”), 219. use (Switzerland), 152–59; efforts
See also gender equality; men; to preserve, 286f.; language/cul-
patriarchy; women ture of Switzerland, 8f., 151f.; lo-
feminist ethics, 26, 39n. 30; calized software as available for,
global—practices, 206ff. 288
Feminists, Western, 10 French-speaking Canadians, 286
Finnish, difficulties of for localiza- French-speaking Swiss, favoring
tion, 284 European Economic Area, 152
flame war, occasioned by disembodi- ftp (File Transfer Protocol), 131
ment, use of the term ‘fascism,’ 136
flaming, as encouraged by gallery, virtual (Japan), 266
anonymity, 261; men as more, Gandhi, 290
166; as prohibited by netiquette, gated communities, 58
167; in Thai newsgroup, 311; as Gates, Bill, 1, 297
theme in Japanese writing on “Gates-ed” communities, 56
CMC, 268f. GATT, 60
flow, postmodern concept of, 54 gaze, direction of in Japanese com-
Fordism (project of suburbaniza- munication, 11; awareness of,
tion), 58f. 223, 225, 227; use of in control-
Foucault, Michel, 11, 38n. 24, 54, ling meetings (Japan), 228. See
242; as criticized by Bourdieu, also non-verbal communication;
243. See also positive power peripheral awareness
fragmentation, see community; Gaudette, Phillip (World Bank), 187
mass media; postmodernism GDP (Gross Domestic Product), as
frame of meaning (Collins and correlated with fax machines and
Pinch), 222. See also technologi- teledensity, 103; as correlated
cal frame with Internet diffusion, 106,
France, 19; diffusion of the Internet 112f.; as economic indicator, 90;
in, 110f.; leading efforts against as measure of wealth in innova-
“Anglophonic tide,” 286f. tion diffusion, 93; as strong pre-
Francophone, 19 dictor of technology diffusion,
Francophonic Africa, 286 96f.; as weak predictor of Internet
Frankfurt School, and philosophy of diffusion, 113. See also GNP
technology, 33n. 14 Geertz, Clifford, 21, 88
free speech, as American value, 3; gender, and communication, 164–
as fostered by CMC, 17 66; and culture, 22; and cultural
freedom of expression, McGovern groups, ix; differences, 9; as di-
on, 174; in Thai newsgroups, 313; viding Internet cafes (Kuwait),
as Western value, viii. See also 191; research on as local, 188;
censorship; CMC; indecency separation (Kuwait), 191. See