Page 284 - Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

244 Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

should not be a deterministic problem with no randomness involved.
However, it should be solved as a probabilistic problem, where uncertainty
levels are considered. In this chapter the HC is introduced as a decision-
making tool that provides a fair and transparent approach to decide when
new DG integration requests should be rejected or accepted. A comprehen-
sive overview is presented for the various decision-making techniques and
its applications in HC studies. The application of decision-making techniques
in HC assessment and enhancement is examined on a real electrical EDS.
The achieved results revealed that the HC should not be evaluated from
deterministic perspective only in which no randomness is involved. Instead,
it should be viewed as a probabilistic problem, depending on the examined
uncertainty levels. In addition, it can be noticed that the probabilistic HC
levels are higher than the deterministic HC results. In other words, ignoring
the uncertainty of electrical parameters results optimistically that cause a
noticeable underestimation to the HC levels achieved from probabilistic
assessments. In addition, it is found that higher HC levels can be obtained by
the proper utilization of both active and reactive powers injected by the intel-
ligent DG units, such as PV units controlled by smart inverters. Finally, fur-
ther precautions should be taken by network operators to control the
excessive reverse power flows and its associated problems resulting from
high DG penetration levels.

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