Page 287 - Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

Chapter 10

Particle swarm optimization

appliedtoreactivepower
dispatch considering renewable

generation

2
1,2
Ma´ıra R. Monteiro , Yuri R. Rodrigues ,
1
Antonio Carlos Zambroni de Souza and Paulo Fernando Ribeiro 1
1
Institute of Electrical System and Energy, Federal University of Itajuba, UNIFEI, Itajub´ a,
2
Brazil, School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
10.1 Introduction

A voltage instability event can be observed when progressive and uncontrol-
lable voltage drops occur after the electrical system was subjected to a
disturbance. This condition arises mainly because of the inability to supply
reactive power in the area of disturbance, instead requiring large packs of
reactive power transmission. This exerts great impact in the systems’ active
power loss, especially for long lines subjected to heavy load, which should
be minimized.
The transmission system losses are mainly influenced by physical and
geographical distribution of its reactive power sources, transmission line
characteristics, loading condition, and operating voltage of the grid [1].
When the electric power system is operating within recommended
parameters, the active power losses can be reduced by means of
suitable adjustments of reactive power generating sources. This problem can
be solved employing reactive power dispatch control in generators, consider-
ing their physical position and system configuration since the reactive power
has local characteristics.
However, before performing reactive power dispatch, one should evaluate
if the system is operating close to the point of voltage collapse. In this condi-
tion the system presents large electric losses and a low voltage profile as
shown in [2]; however, control actions aimed at reducing losses can have

Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816445-7.00010-4
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