Page 292 - Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

252 Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

10.4.1 RES allocation by voltage stability criteria
In this method the critical buses are determined from the ranking of the
tangent vector calculated in (10.1), where the critical buses are associated
with the ones with the highest absolute value of tangent vector [12]. The
ranked candidate buses are given by (10.7).
2
0 3 1
Δθ g

Δλ 7 C
B 6
B 6 7 C
B 6 7 C
6
B Δθ l 7 C
TV rank 5 rank B 6 7 C ð10:7Þ
B 6 Δλ 7 C
B 6 7 C
B 6 7 C
@ 4 ΔV l 5 A

Δλ
10.4.2 RES allocation by loss sensitivity criteria
This method seeks to identify the buses where the RES allocation would
lead to a greater impact in loss reduction. Deriving (10.6) as a function of λ,
the sensitivity to losses is obtained in (10.8) [15]. Similarly, the rank of
buses’ loss sensitivity index leads to the candidate ones where RES place-
ment would have a greater impact in loss reduction.

n1
dP syst 5 X dV ik V jk 1 dV jk dA dV ik V ik 1 dV jk
dλ dλ dλ V ik A 1 V ik V jk dλ 2 2G k dλ dλ V jk
k51
ð10:8Þ
where

A 5 G k cos ðδ ijðÞk Þ 1 cos ðδ jiðÞk Þ ð10:9Þ

dA dδ iðÞk dδ jðÞk
dλ 5 G k 2 sin ðδ jiðÞk Þ dλ 2 dλ ð10:10Þ
Note that all derivatives are components of the tangent vector.

10.5 Identification of generators for reactive power dispatch
using particle swarm optimization

The proposed method for the identification of dispatchable generators for
reactive power dispatch uses the tangent vector capacity to effectively
identify the system critical buses [12]. Given that the tangent vector indicates