Page 161 - Democracy and the Public Sphere

156 Jürgen Habermas

14. S. Lash and J. Urry, Economies of Signs and Space (London: Sage, 1994),
p. 39.
15. Giddens, Beyond Left and Right, pp. 90–1.
16. U. Beck, Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity, trans. M. Ritter (London:
Sage, 1992 [1986]); Ecological Politics in an Age of Risk, trans. A. Weisz
(Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995 [1988]).
17. Beck, Risk Society, pp. 21–2.
18. Ibid., p. 34.
19. Giddens, Modernity and Self-Identity, pp. 123–4; Giddens, Beyond Left
and Right, pp. 220–3.
20. Beck, ‘The reinvention of politics’, pp. 6–7.
21. Z. Bauman, Postmodern Ethics (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993), pp. 196ff.
22. Beck, Risk Society, p. 71.
23. Ibid., p. 159.
24. Ibid., p. 157.
25. Ibid., p. 172.
26. Ibid., p. 60.
27. Ibid., p. 232.
28. Beck, ‘The reinvention of politics’, p. 28.
29. Beck, Risk Society, p. 234.
30. Giddens, Beyond Left and Right.
31. Ibid., pp. 252–3; Beck, Risk Society, p. 48.
32. Beck, Risk Society, p. 36.
33. J. Habermas, ‘The new obscurity: the crisis of the welfare state and
the exhaustion of utopian energies’, in The New Conservativism:
Cultural Criticism and the Historians’ Debate, trans. S. Weber Nicholsen
(Cambridge: Polity Press, p. 64).
34. J. Keane, Democracy and Civil Society (London: Verso, 1987), p. 15.
35. J. Habermas, The Future of Human Nature (Cambridge: Polity Press,
2003).
36. J. Derrida, Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning,
and the New International, trans. P. Kamuf (London: Routledge, 1994);
J. Derrida, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression, trans. E. Prenowitz
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996); J.D. Peters, Speaking into
the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication (Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 1999). Within this discourse, the impossibility of
‘authentic’ communications between the living and the dead functions
as a model for the impossibility of authentic communications per se.
It also looks at the prevalent cultural fascination for ‘talking with the
dead’ manifested in literature, film, genealogy, historical archives

and so forth, making the ironic suggestion that we can treat this
impossibility as a productive force that gives rise to, rather than
prevents, communication.
37. Habermas, ‘The new obscurity’, p. 51.

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