Page 426 - Design for Environment A Guide to Sustainable Product Development

Index 401

National Industrial Symbiosis O
Program, 162 O’Brien-Bernini, Frank, 318
National Institute of Standards occupational health and safety, 41,
and Technology, 37 271, 349
National Renewable Energy Office of Pollution Prevention and
Laboratory (NREL), 334, 372 Toxics (OPPT), 36
national security, 236 Ohio Soybean Council, 254
natural capital, 4, 9, 91, 152–156, The Ohio State University, 139,
176, 306, 337–338, 358, 381 180–181, 237, 318, 338
natural gas, 243, 258, 276, 320, Ontario Hydro, 24
333–334, 351–352 operational excellence, 100
Natural Resources Defense operational metrics, 107, 109, 268
Council (NRDC), 19, 46 opportunity cost, 188
Natural Step System Conditions, optimization, 144, 191, 213, 347
43 organic, 381
The Nature Conservancy, 224 organic cotton or linen, 303, 341,
NatureWorks LLC, 307 342
net present value, 189 organic food, 281, 290
Netherlands, 39 organic materials, 140, 161, 305.
NetJets, 240 See also biomass
neural networks, 259 organizational strategy for
new product development, 10, 12, environmental excellence,
70–72, 220. See also product 72–75
life-cycle management outcome indicators, 105, 380
(PLCM); specific industries Owens Corning, 318–321, 372
Newton, Isaac, 19 ozone-depleting substance, 89,
Nike, 47, 294 106, 135
Nokia, 59, 364
nondestructive removal, 142 P
non-financial performance, 381 Pacific Northwest National
non-governmental organization Laboratory, 158
(NGO), 45–47, 59, 62, 115 package delivery services,
nonlinear behavior, 18, 19, 361 345–348
non-point sources, 138 package flow technology, 346
non-product output, 85, 135, 191, packaging, 284–288. See also
265, 269, 317 specific industries
nonrenewable resources, 44, 57, packaging scorecard, 296, 340
86, 127–128, 203, 305–306, 314, Packaging Waste Directive, 33,
344, 381 147
Nordic Swan, 42 paints, automotive, 241, 247–248,
normalization, 105, 113, 114, 381 261, 371
Northrop Grumman, 228 Panasonic, 220
Norway, 42 paper products, 43, 300
Novo Nordisk, 163 paperboard, 36, 306
nuclear power, 323–324 PAS 2050, 43, 175
nutrition, 63, 86, 159, 291 Patagonia, 294, 302–304, 372
“nutrivehicle,” 88 Pepper, John, 299
nylon, 171, 260, 301 PepsiCo, 46, 282, 283