Page 35 - Design for Six Sigma a Roadmap for Product Development

Quality Concepts 13

Dr. Deming is credited with providing the foundation of the Japanese
quality miracle. He developed the following 14 points for managing the
improvement of quality, productivity, and competitive position:
1. Create constancy of purpose for improving products and services.
2. Adopt the new philosophy.
3. Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality.
4. End the practice of awarding business on price alone; instead, min-
imize total cost by working with a single supplier.
5. Improve constantly and forever every process for planning, pro-
duction, and service.
6. Institute training on the job.
7. Adopt and institute leadership.
8. Drive out fear.
9. Break down barriers between staff areas.
10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the workforce.
11. Eliminate numerical quotas for the workforce and numerical goals
for management.
12. Remove barriers that rob people of pride in their work, and elimi-
nate the annual rating or merit system.
13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement
for everyone.
14. Put everybody in the company to work to accomplish the transfor-
mation.

Deming’s basic quality philosophy is that productivity improves as
variability decreases, and that statistical methods are needed to con-
trol quality. He advocated the use of statistics to measure performance
in all areas, not just conformance to product specifications. Further-
more, he thought that it is not enough to meet specifications; one has
to keep working to reduce the variations as well. Deming was extremely
critical of the U.S. approach to business management and was an advo-
cate of worker participation in decision making.

Kaoru Ishikawa. Ishikawa is a pioneer in quality control activities in
Japan. In 1943, he developed the cause-and-effect diagram. Ishikawa
published many works, including What Is Total Quality Control?, The
Japanese Way, Quality Control Circles at Work, and Guide to Quality
Control. He was a member of the quality control research group of the