Page 315 - Earth's Climate Past and Future
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CHAPTER 16 • Climate Changes During the Last 1000 Years 291
100
Lichen diameter (mm) 50
0
0 100 200 300 400
A B Years of growth
N
0 40
km
Present day ice
Dead lichen, expanded snow fields
C
FIGURE 16-2 Lichen halos: a Little Ice Age snowfield? Lichen grow (A) on rock surfaces in
the Arctic at (B) known rates. (C) Halo-like areas of dead lichen in the Canadian Arctic record an
interval of expanded snowfields late in the Little Ice Age. (A: Courtesy of G. Falconer, Sidney, BC.
B: Adapted from G. H. Denton and W. Karlen, “Holocene Climatic Variations: Their Pattern and
Possible Cause,” Quaternary Research 3 [1973]: 155–205. C: Adapted from J. T. Andrews et al., “The
Laurentide Ice Sheet: Problems of the Mode and Inception,” wmo/imap Symposium Proceedings 421
[1975].)
