Page 59 - Educational Technology A Primer for the 21st Century

2.3 Technology-Enhanced Learning 47
4. Constructivism believes that learning is the process of constructing internal
psychological representation in the process of the interaction with the envi-
ronment. The constructivism emphasizes learner-centered, situational, collabo-
rative, and meaningful construction.
5. The technology and learning theory have interactions. Learning theories and
technologies are connected and intertwined by information processing and
knowledge acquisition. With the rapid development of information technology,
MOOCs, social networking, cloud computing, etc., are widely used in teaching
and learning.

Learning resources
• Behaviorism could not explain how children acquire a natural language; also,
about the time, mainframe computers were spreading a model of cognitive
architecture which was developed with the mind being analogous to a computer
processor—see http://act-r.psy.cmu.edu/, Anderson (1983), and the ACT-R
Web site at Carnegie Mellon University located at http://act-r.psy.cmu.edu/

• A timeline figure of learning theories can be added with time on the x-axis from
about 1913 (John Watson’s “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it) to 2020
and depth and breadth of coverage on the y-axis—and okay to include behav-
iorism, cognitivism, socio-constructivism, organizational learning, and machine
learning and perhaps a few other prominent learning theories; see http://www.
unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/strengthening-education-systems/quality-
framework/technical-notes/influential-theories-of-learning/
• Timeline slides:
(1) http://www.slideshare.net/TicsUmg/history-
ofeducationaltechnologytimeline
(2) http://webspace.ship.edu/hliu/etextbook/history/Edu%20Tech%20Past%
20Present%20Future.pdf
(3) http://people.ischool.illinois.edu/*chip/projects/timeline.shtml
(4) http://www.eds-resources.com/educationhistorytimeline.html#1900
(5) http://www.timerime.com/en/timeline/232616/History+of+Educational
+Technology/
(6) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology