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Evolution and Theories of Communication | 65

Next to the postal system the telephone remained the largest organized
interpersonal communication network for more than two centuries. In a way
it can be called an extension of the oral communication system. Now with
the Internet, virtually linking all nations, the telephone has become the largest
single integrated communication system ever devised so far. The e-mail, the
voice mails are only off-shoots of the telephone system.

The films
The film industry has its beginnings in and around 1839 when the lens,
on which both photography and projection techniques are based was first
invented and when Daguerre devised a practical method for photography.
From the crude ‘nickelodeons’, of around 1910 in the cities of USA, the
industry has graduated with the star systems, the formula themes, the horror
stories, the science fiction with stereophonic sounds to an endless variations
of the basic idea of entertainment. From the silent movies, the industry has
taken the route of the talkies, from the ‘black and white’ to the ‘technicolor’
picture, and from the millions of big theatres outdoors to the millions of
‘small screen’ television sets inside the living rooms. As an audio-visual mass
medium the television has the biggest reach ever, with the cable TV, the pay
TV, and satellite broadcasting adding to its technological capabilities.

radio
Fessender transmitted the human voice by radio in 1906. The age of broad-
casting was made possible with the invention of the vacuum tube. Since then,
radio—the audio medium, which, unlike the print medium, did not depend
on the requirement of literacy, has grown into the single largest mass com-
munication system with the widest coverage on this entire planet. Again,
unlike the press, it could manage to transmit messages across great distances
without having to depend on conventional forms of transport over land, sea,
or by air. Broadcasting has changed the way of lives for most of us on this
earth than any other invention of the 20th century.

Television

The chief attraction of television lies in its properties for revealing a pan-
orama beyond our immediate horizon, for reflecting a world of possibilities
that would otherwise be denied to the people.
As a medium, television is basically an extension of the sense of touch,
which involves maximum interplay of all the senses. The influence of televi-
sion is all pervasive and subtle. The advertisements persuade to constantly
hanker after things that we really do not need in the first place. Television
coaxes us to change, to be modern, to cast away the old, and to go in for the

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