Page 14 - Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering Ebook

Contents xv

13.2 Measurement of the RTD 812
13.2.1 Pulse Input 813
13.2.2 Step Tracer Experiment 818
13.3 Characteristics of the RTD 819
13.3.1 Integral Relationships 819
13.3.2 Mean Residence Time 821
13.3.3 Other Moments of the RTD 823
13.3.4 Normalized RTD Function, E(0) 825
13.3.5 Zntemal-Age Distribution Z(a) 826
13.4 RTD in Ideal Reactors 829
13.4.1 RTDs in Batch and Plug-Flow Reactors 829
13.4.2 Single-CSTR RTD 829
13.4.3 Laminar Flow Reactor 831
13.4.4 PFWCSTR Series RTD 833
13.5 Reactor Modeling with the RTD 836
13.6 Zero-Par(meter Models 838
13.6. I Segregation Model 838
13.6.2 Maximum Mixedness 844
13.6.3 Heat Effects 851
13.7 Using Software Packages 851
13.8 RTD and Multiple Reactions 854
13.8.1 Segregation Model 854
13.8.2 Maximum Mixedness 855
summary 860
Questions and Problems 861
CD-ROM Material 868
Supplementary Reading 869

14 MODELS FOR N(0NIDEAL REACTORS 871

14.1 Some Guidelines 871
14.2 One-Parameter Models 872
14.2. I Tanks-in-Series Model 873
14.2.2 Dispersion Model 877
14.3 Two-Parameter Models-Modeling Real Reactors with Combi-
nations of Ideal Reactors 893
14.3.1 Real CSTR Modeled Using Bypassing
and Dead Space 893
14.3.1A Solving the Model System for CA and X 894
14.3.1B Using a Tracer to Determine the Model Parameters
in CSTR-wirh-Dead-Space-and-Bypass
Model 895
14.3.2 Real CSTR Modeled with an Exchange
Volume 899
14.3.2A Solving the Model System for CA and X 900