Page 117 - Academic Press Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology 3rd BioTechnology

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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN007K-319 July 2, 2001 17:53

Hybridomas, Genetic

Engineering of

Michael Butler
University of Manitoba

I. Introduction: The Nature of Antibodies XIII. Human Monoclonal Antibodies
II. The Molecular Structure of Antibodies XIV. Recombinant Antibodies
III. Glycosylation of Antibodies XV. Recombinant Antibody Fragments
IV. Production of Monoclonal Antibodies XVI. Therapeutic Antibodies
V. Immunization in Vivo XVII. Antibodies from Plants
VI. Immunization in Vitro XVIII. Humanized Antibodies from Transgenic Mice
VII. The Development of Cell Hybridization XIX. The Importance of Glycosylation to
VIII. Methods of Cell Fusion Therapeutic Antibodies
IX. Cell Fusion To Immortalize Lymphocytes XX. Large-Scale Production of Monoclonal
Antibodies from Hybridomas
X. Selectable Gene Markers for Cell Selection
XXI. The Control of Culture Parameters
XI. Clonal Selection of Mab-Secreting
Hybridomas XXII. Serum and Serum-Free Medium for Antibody
Production from Hybridomas
XII. Assay of Monoclonal Antibodies
XXIII. Conclusions

GLOSSARY Fusogen A substance that will cause the fusion of two
cells.
Cell fusion (or hybridization) The process of two cells Glycosylation The metabolic pathway found in eukary-
fusing (or hybridizing) into one. The resulting fused otic cells that allows the addition of a carbohydrate
celliscalledaheterokaryonandmightbequiteunstable group on to a protein.
genetically. Heterokaryon The product of the fusion of two cell
Constant region The region of an immunoglobulin in types. The membrane systems of the two cells fuse and
which the amino acid sequence does not show changes the cytoplasm combine prior to fusion of the genetic
within a given antibody isotype. material. The initial fused cell may be quite unstable
Electrofusion The application of electrical impulses to genetically.
cause cell fusion. Hybridoma A stable hybrid cell that secretes a

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