Page 253 - Academic Press Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology 3rd Chemical Engineering

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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology En006G-249 June 27, 2001 14:7

Fluid Dynamics

(Chemical Engineering)

Richard W. Hanks

Brigham Young University

I. Introduction
II. Basic Field Equations (Differential
or Microscopic)
III. Basic Field Equations (Averaged
or Macroscopic)
IV. Laminar Flow
V. Turbulent Flow
VI. Applications

GLOSSARY of a turbulence length scale in a zero-parameter
model.
Field Mathematical representation of a physical quantity; Physical component Tensor component that has the
at every point of space the mathematical quantity is de- physical dimensions of the property being represented.
fined as continuous for all necessary orders of differ- Reynolds stress Nondiagonal element of the correlation
entiation. dyad for fluctuation velocity components in a turbulent
Ground profile Plot of physical ground elevations along flow; commonly interpreted as a shear component of
a pipeline route. the extra stress caused by the turbulence.
Head Any hydraulic energy quantity converted to an Tensor Matrix operator that transforms one vector func-
equivalent hydrostatic pressure and expressed as a col- tion into another; all tensorial functions and entities
umn height of fluid. must transform properly according to laws of coordi-
Hydraulic grade line Graphic representation of the me- nate transformation and retain both formal and opera-
chanical energy equation as hydraulic or pressure head tional invariance.
against length; slope is frictional head loss per unit
length.
Mixing length Mean distance over which a turbulent THE MECHANICS OF FLUIDS is a broad subject deal-
eddy retains its identity; phenomenological measure ing with all of the phenomena of fluid behavior. Subtended

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