Page 427 - Academic Press Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology 3rd Chemical Engineering

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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN012I-591 July 26, 2001 15:54

Pollution Prevention from

Chemical Processes

Kenneth L. Mulholland Michael R. Overcash

Kenneth Mulholland & Associates North Carolina State University

I. Introduction IX. Resources
II. History of Pollution Prevention X. Engineering Evaluations of the
III. Waste as Pollution Preferred Options
IV. How Does One Define Pollution Prevention? XI. Waste Stream and Process Analyses
V. Drivers for Pollution Prevention XII. When Should One Do Pollution Prevention?
VI. The Recipe for Success XIII. Case Studies
VII. Program Elements XIV. Conclusion
VIII. The Incentive for Pollution Prevention

GLOSSARY I. INTRODUCTION

Bioaccumulative Material that accumulates in organ- “POLLUTION PREVENTION” became environmental
isms, for example, lead, mercury, and DDT. buzz words of the 1990s. No matter what one chooses to
Chemical process A chemical process normally consists callthetaskortechnologyofreducingwasteandemissions
of a reactor section where the feed materials are re- from a chemical process—pollution prevention, waste
acted to the desired product(s) followed by a series of minimization, source reduction, clean technology, green
separation devices to separate the product(s) from any manufacturing, etc.—the challenge of implementing pro-
by-products, solvents, catalysts, etc. cess changes that actually reduce waste generation is often
Material balance Compound-by-compound listing of formidable. Engineers and scientists faced with develop-
materials in the pipes and vessels of a process. ing and implementing a pollution prevention program for
Persistent compound Material that does not or only a business or a manufacturing site face many obstacles,
slowly biodegrades, for example, PCBs and DDT. technological, economic, and societal. Some of these ob-
Process flow diagram A drawing of process pipes and stacles are real, while many others are only perceived to
vessels. be real.

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