Page 101 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

86 Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

Virgin
(wood/
nonwood)
materials

Water/ Raw materials preparation
chemicals (debarking, chipping and conveying)

Pulping Chemical
(CP, MP, CMP, TMP, CTMP, etc.) recovery

Bleaching (ECF, TCF, etc.)
Washing/filtering

Screening
Effluents/
rejects
Pulp
drying Paper making

Pulp Paper

Fig. 7.1 Paper and pulp production steps from virgin fibers [3].
hard woods are the three different raw materials that are currently used in
the pulp and paper industry. Pulp and paper industry comes under the most
water- and energy-consuming industry in the globe and this industry is the
fifth largest energy consumer. Most important thing is that approximately
4% of the total energy is used worldwide by these industries [5].
According to statistic data by RISI (the leading information provider for
the global forest products industry), major paper and paperboard producing
countries (not including pulp) are given in Table 7.2.

7.3 WASTES
The paper and board industry faces a series of challenges to the genera-
tion of large amounts of wastes whose disposal entails significant costs [6].
Substantial quantity of water is used in paper production processes in the
pulp and paper industry wherein, according to the quality and kind of paper
manufactured, the water consumption amount differs. In the end, a consid-
erable amount of solid waste, waste water, and gaseous emission have taken
place. Larger amount of waste is produced during pulp and paper process