Page 108 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

Paper Industry Wastes and Energy Generation From Wastes 93

The various steps involved in the conversion of paper industry wastes into
biodiesel are shown in Fig. 7.2. Owing to the distinctive capability of uti-
lizing pulp and paper industry effluent as a culture medium and mount up
higher amount of triacylglycerol/neutral lipids as big size lipid droplets of
4.56 ± 0.24 μm within its cellular section, oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium
kratochvilovae HIMPA1 was used as a model organism. Subsequent to 144 h
of cultivation, highest cell dry weight (13.87 g/L) with a total lipid yield
of 8.56 g/L was acquired. The proposed integrated process results in toxic
removal in conjunction with production of sustainable biodiesel used for
transportation fuels. The developed biodiesel exhibited acceptable SFA:
MUFA: PUFA ratio of 21.86: 45.43: 15.91, which leads to enhanced bio-
diesel properties such as greater oxidation steadiness, cetane number, cold
performance properties, and viscosity as per ASTM D6751-02 and EN
14214 guidelines. Data from the experimental study illustrated consider-
able reduction in effluent toxic components (i.e., 89% color; 94.27% lignin;
99.60% phenol; 77.36% biochemical oxygen demand; 84.59% total dis-
solved solids; and 94.22% chemical oxygen demand).

7.5 CONCLUSIONS

The demand for paper increases day by day in consequence of growth in
population and industrialization. Globally, utilization of water and energy
and predominantly waste generation is becoming a more vital concern ever.
The paper and pulp industries are found to be intensive in terms of energy
consumption and also generates large amounts of waste. With 42% of global
industrial wastewater production, the pulp and paper industry is the world’s
third chief industrial wastewater producer which urges the invention of
advanced treatment and recycling methodologies. So, it is advisable to min-
imize the utilization of resources and the generation of wastes through pro-
cess modifications.
Different types of wastes in the form of solid, liquid, gas, and particle
forms are produced wherein the amount of liquid, i.e., waste water, genera-
tion is huge and the gaseous wastes contain toxic elements. And these wastes
are capable of causing cancer to the workers in the industry. Therefore, pa-
per and pulp industries should be made aware about their waste handling
and disposal strategies. It can be stated that generation of energy is a feasible
way to reduce or reuse these wastes through various methods like inciner-
ation, pyrolysis, gasification, and biodiesel production too. The aforemen-
tioned methods are found to be useful for energy creation from the paper
industry wastes. These methods have their unique advantages like gasifier