Page 168 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

148 Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

Co-pyrolysis of pine nut shells with scrap tyres: using the raw materials as
pine nut shells (the bio-based waste) and scrap tyres (the fossil-based waste),
the process of pyrolysis is carried out at a temperature of about 500°C [11].
The results of this process ensured that the process of co-pyrolysis improved
the characteristics of the pyrolysis products. Even the chars formed from the
co-pyrolysis process have been identified to have the potential to be used as
a solid fuel. Various concentrations of the mixtures such as (PNS: ST) 1:1,
2:1, 4:1, 1:2, and 1:4 were subjected to the pyrolysis process.
Co-pyrolysis of polyolefin with waste motor oil [12]: Waste manage-
ment is one of the concerned problems of the world. Solid waste and liquid
wastes are hazardous to health. Today, plastic is being used in large amounts
and huge amounts are thrown too. These polyolefin fall in the category of
solid wastes and it is necessary to eliminate it. Besides, motor oil is one of
the sources of liquid waste. Thus, the huge amounts of these wastes should
be eliminated. One of the methods to do it is co-pyrolysis of polyolefin
with waste motor oil. In this technique, these wastes are degraded and
useful products such as oils, gas, and residues are obtained from it. This
experiment of co-pyrolysis is carried out at 500°C in the atmosphere of
nitrogen. Different compositions of the mixture were tested in a fixed bed
reactor at the heating rate of 5°C/min. After the experiments, the products
were collected differently. The heating values of the gaseous products were
3
found to be in the range of 27.6–324 MJ/m and that of the liquid products
were found to be in the range of 46.5–47.1 MJ/kg. The yields from the
co- pyrolysis contained fewer amounts of heavy metals, thereby reducing
carbon footprint.

10.6 CONCLUSIONS

In recent times, the amount of toxic wastes is increasing. Many scholars
around the globe are trying to find new ways to reduce waste by per-
forming experiments and by researching new techniques to convert this
bio-waste into useful fuels and oils. Pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis are methods
which are coming into the light due to their capability of producing results.

REFERENCES
[1] Parga JR, Shukla SS, Carrillo-Pedroza FR. Destruction of cyanide waste solutions us-
ing chlorine dioxide, ozone and titania sol. Waste Manag 2003;23:183–91.
[2] Stelmachowski M. Feedstock recycling of waste polymers by thermal cracking in
molten metal: thermodynamic analysis. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 2014;16:211–8.