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202 Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

the year 2000, the average tariff was about 14.6 US cents/kWh in cities and
25–50 US cents/kWh in rural areas [16]. The possibilities of exploration and
development of alternative energy sources and waste to energy may become
the backbone of Cambodia for its economic growth and energy demand.
About 80% of the total energy needed in Cambodia can be met by the
use of biomass fuels. The purchasing power parity of Vietnam is about 227
USD billion, with a GDP growth rate of 7.7 in 2004. Vietnam is making a
steady progress in tackling issues of rural poverty so as to include provision
of reliable electricity supply. More than 87% of the households have access
to electricity. A large fraction of the population relies on noncommercial
energy in the form of waste biomass resources such as waste wood, animal
dung, and rice husks.

12.6 CONCLUSIONS

Various waste management initiatives taken for human well-being and to
improve the TWM practices were broadly discussed in this chapter. The
parameters that influence the technology and economic aspects of waste
management were also discussed clearly. Different types of barrier in TWM,
such as economic hitches, political issues, legislative disputes, informative
and managerial as well as solutions and success factors for implementing
an effective management of toxic organic waste within a globular context,
were also discussed giving some real examples. The effect of urbanization
on the environmental degradation and economic growth was also discussed.

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